Spices for dinner

The main meal of the evening: curries, roasts, braises and grills.

Dinner is the main gathering meal in much of the world, and often where the full range of a cuisine's spices is shown, from slow-cooked stews to roasts and curries.

Slow-cooked dishes

Stews and braises use whole and ground spices cooked for hours. Moroccan tagines, Indian curries, Mexican moles, Persian khoresh and Hungarian goulash each use a different spice set, giving each its character.

Roasts and grills

Spice rubs and marinades, such as jerk, tandoori, suya, shawarma and barbecue rubs, flavour meat before cooking over fire. Pepper, paprika, cumin, coriander and garlic are common across them.

Table spices

Beyond the cooking, many tables carry their own seasonings, such as pepper mills in Europe, pepper sauce in the Caribbean, chilli oil in China and shichimi in Japan.

Dinner on EveryMasala

The spices written up so far, best known first.

🇵🇪 Peru and 5 moreChili pepperchīlli The pungent berry of the Capsicum plant, used to add heat to dishes worldwide.Fruit · Hot and fiery · Earthy and deep

🇮🇷 Iran and 4 moreSaffronزعفران The dried crimson stigmas of the autumn-blooming saffron crocus.Stigma · Sharp and pungent · Bitter

🇲🇽 Mexico and 5 moreAnnatto The orange-red pigment from achiote seeds used as a natural food coloring and mild spice.Seed · Earthy and deep · Sweet and mellow

🇮🇳 IndiaChammanthi podi A dry coconut and spice condiment from Kerala that preserves fresh chutney for months.Hot and fiery · Earthy and deep

🇴🇲 Oman and 3 moreDried lime Sun-dried limes from the Persian Gulf, used whole or ground to add sour depth to Middle Eastern dishes.Fruit · Sour and tart · Earthy and deep

🇨🇲 Cameroon and 1 morePenja white pepper A Cameroonian black pepper variety grown in the volcanic Penja Valley, protected by geographical indication.Seed · Sharp and pungent · Earthy and deep

🇮🇳 IndiaErode TurmericErodu Manjal A Geographical Indication turmeric from Tamil Nadu with high curcumin content.Root · Earthy and deep · Bitter

🇲🇽 Mexico and 1 moreChipotle Smoke-dried ripe jalapeño peppers used in Mexican and Tex-Mex cookingChilli · Hot and fiery · Smoky

🇮🇳 India and 4 moreCurry paste A blended mixture of spices and aromatics used as the base for curries in Asia.Warm and sweet-spiced · Earthy and deep

🇳🇬 NigeriaYaji A spicy rub from Nigeria made with chili, ginger, and ground peanuts.Blend · Hot and fiery · Earthy and deep

🇾🇪 Yemen and 1 moreZhugسحوق A Yemeni hot sauce of crushed chilies, garlic, and corianderHot and fiery · Sharp and pungent

🇹🇷 Turkey and 5 morePoppy seed The tiny kidney-shaped oilseed of the opium poppy, used in baking and cooking across Europe and South Asia.Seed · Earthy and deep

🇲🇽 Mexico and 5 morePaprika A red powder made from dried Capsicum annuum peppers, used to colour and flavour dishes across Europe and the Middle EasSeed · Sweet and mellow · Hot and fiery

🇮🇳 India and 3 moreGaram masalaगरम मसाला A ground blend of warm spices from the Indian subcontinent used to finish curries and stews.Blend · Warm and sweet-spiced · Sharp and pungent

🇮🇳 India and 4 moreCurry powder A Western adaptation of Indian spice blends for cooking sauces and stews.Blend · Warm and sweet-spiced · Earthy and deep

🇲🇦 Morocco and 2 moreRas el hanoutرأس الحانوت A complex Maghrebi spice blend meaning 'head of the shop', used in savory dishes across North Africa.Warm and sweet-spiced · Earthy and deep

🇮🇷 Iran and 2 moreAsafoetida A pungent gum-resin from the Ferula plant, used as a garlic and onion substitute in South Asian cooking.Resin · Sharp and pungent · Earthy and deep

🇪🇹 Ethiopia and 1 moreBerbereበርበሬ (bärbäre) A complex Ethiopian spice blend built on chili peppers, coriander, and ginger.Hot and fiery · Warm and sweet-spiced

🇳🇱 Netherlands and 5 moreJuniper berry The fleshy seed cone of the juniper tree, a piney spice for game and gin.Sharp and pungent · Citrus and bright

🇨🇳 China and 4 moreFingerrootกระชาย The finger-shaped rhizome of a tropical ginger relative, used fresh or pickled in Southeast Asian cooking.Sharp and pungent · Citrus and bright

🇬🇷 Greece and 4 moreThyme The dried leaves of a Mediterranean mint-family herb, used to perfume stews and baths alike.Leaf · Earthy and deep · Warm and sweet-spiced

🇯🇵 JapanShichimi七味唐辛子 A Japanese seven-ingredient spice blend for finishing soups and noodlesBlend · Hot and fiery · Citrus and bright 🇯🇴 Jordan and 5 moreBaharatبهارات A versatile Middle Eastern spice blend used to season meats and soups.Warm and sweet-spiced · Sharp and pungent

🇬🇪 GeorgiaKhmeli suneliხმელი სუნელი A flexible Georgian blend of dried herbs and seeds for stews and meats.Blend · Warm and sweet-spiced · Earthy and deep

🇪🇹 EthiopiaMitmitaሚጥሚጣ A fiery Ethiopian spice blend of bird's eye chilies, cardamom, and cloves.Blend · Hot and fiery · Warm and sweet-spiced

🇨🇳 China and 5 moreChili oil辣椒油 A red condiment of infused vegetable oil and hot peppers used across Asia and Europe.Hot and fiery · Smoky

🇧🇩 Bangladesh and 2 morePanch phoronপাঁচ ফোড়ন A Bengali blend of five whole seeds used to temper dishesBlend · Bitter · Warm and sweet-spiced

🇾🇪 Yemen and 1 moreHawaijحوايج A ground Yemeni spice blend used for soups, coffee, and everyday cooking.Warm and sweet-spiced · Earthy and deep 🇮🇷 IranAdviehادویه A fragrant blend of spices used to season rice and stews in Iranian cooking.Warm and sweet-spiced · Sweet and mellow

🇫🇷 France and 5 moreFleur de sel A hand-raked crust of sea salt crystals gathered from evaporation pans.Earthy and deep

🇲🇽 Mexico and 1 moreRecado rojo A red-orange paste of annatto and spices used to marinate meats in Yucatán cuisine.Earthy and deep · Sharp and pungent

🇨🇳 China and 2 moreCrushed red pepper Dried and crushed chilli peppers, often with seeds, used as a spicy condiment.Chilli · Hot and fiery · Earthy and deep

🇰🇭 CambodiaKampot pepperម្រេចកំពត A Cambodian cultivar of black pepper with a protected geographical indication status.Seed · Sharp and pungent · Earthy and deep

🇨🇳 China and 1 moreGarlic powder A dry, savory spice made from dehydrated and ground garlic cloves.Seed · Sharp and pungent · Earthy and deep

🇬🇭 GhanaShitoshitor din A dark, spicy sauce made from fried fish and peppers, central to Ghanaian cooking.Hot and fiery · Sharp and pungent

🇺🇸 United States and 1 moreNew Mexico chilechile de Nuevo México A cultivar group of Capsicum annuum from New Mexico, valued for its smoky flavor and range of heat levels.Sharp and pungent · Sweet and mellow

🇲🇽 MexicoCascabel chili A dried Mexican pepper with loose seeds that rattle like a bellHot and fiery · Smoky

🇮🇳 IndiaIdli podiஇட்லிப் பொடி A coarse South Indian spice mix of roasted lentils and chillies, served with oil or ghee.Hot and fiery · Earthy and deep

🇮🇳 IndiaVadouvan A French-Indian spice blend combining dried aromatics with ground seedsWarm and sweet-spiced · Earthy and deep

🇮🇹 ItalyRed Sulmona GarlicAglio rosso di Sulmona A traditional garlic cultivar from the Abruzzo region of Italy, grown on the Sulmona plateau.Bulb · Sharp and pungent · Earthy and deep 🇻🇳 VietnamHúng lìu A Vietnamese spice blend of cinnamon, star anise, and clove for roasted meatsWarm and sweet-spiced · Sweet and mellow

🇬🇪 GeorgiaSvan saltსვანური მარილი A moist, aromatic spice blend from the Georgian mountains, combining herbs with salt.Sharp and pungent · Earthy and deep

🇪🇸 SpainPaprika Tap de CortíPimentón de Mallorca A sweet, sun-dried ground pepper from the Balearic Islands, prized for its deep red colour and antioxidant properties.Seed · Sweet and mellow · Earthy and deep

🇮🇳 India and 5 moreTurmericहल्दी The dried rhizome of a tropical ginger relative, prized for its golden color and earthy bite.Root · Warm and sweet-spiced · Bitter

🇺🇸 United States and 1 moreChimayó pepper A prized New Mexico chile cultivar known for its sweet, smoky flavor and twisted dried pods.Chilli · Sweet and mellow · Smoky

🇮🇳 India and 5 moreCumin The dried seed of a small parsley-family herb, used whole or ground in many world cuisines.Seed · Warm and sweet-spiced · Earthy and deep 🇮🇳 IndiaRamanathapuram Mundu chilli A round, mild red chilli from Tamil Nadu with a GI tag.Chilli · Hot and fiery · Earthy and deep

🇬🇪 Georgia and 1 moreBlue fenugreekუცხო სუნელი The blue-flowered annual herb that seasons Georgian stews and Swiss cheeseSeed · Earthy and deep · Bitter

Photo credits on this page

The small pictures above come from Wikimedia Commons under free licences. Some are cropped to fit.

Panch phoron: Wiki-uk, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
Paprika: Takkk, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
Idli podi: Booradleyp1, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
Juniper berry: Unknown author, CC BY-SA 1.0, source
Fleur de sel: Fleur de Sel sea salt. Ile de Re 2005, personal photograph., CC BY-SA 3.0, source
Garlic powder: John Phelan, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
Chili pepper: Takeaway, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
Red Sulmona Garlic: Marica Massaro, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
Curry powder: Slick, CC0, source
Recado rojo: Paul Goyette, CC BY-SA 2.0, source
Ras el hanout: Sarefo, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
Berbere: Badagnani, CC BY 3.0, source
Khmeli suneli: А. Кабанов, CC0, source
Turmeric: J.M.Garg, CC BY 3.0, source
Chimayó pepper: Dicklyon, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
Vadouvan: Fornax, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
Cumin: Sanjay Acharya, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
Asafoetida: Toyah, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
Cascabel chili: Jessica and Lon Binder, CC BY 2.0, source
Annatto: Porto Neto, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
Poppy seed: Odedr, Public domain, source
Zhug: DonIncognito, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
Yaji: Salma kyari, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
Curry paste: Ryan Snyder, CC BY 2.0, source
Chipotle: User:Carstor, CC BY-SA 2.5, source
Penja white pepper: Didier Descouens, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
Erode Turmeric: Sivaranjani, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
Chili oil: Alpha, CC BY-SA 2.0, source
Paprika Tap de Cortí: Berin, CC BY 3.0, source
Garam masala: Miansari66, Public domain, source
New Mexico chile: vxla, CC BY 2.0, source
Thyme: Evan-Amos, CC0, source
Shito: Flixtey, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
Svan salt: Jelger Groeneveld, CC BY 2.0, source
Dried lime: Theinfo, CC BY 3.0, source
Shichimi: http://www.recipelab.jp/sozai/detail/1779/, CC0, source
Crushed red pepper: Takeaway, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
Saffron: Hubertl, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
Fingerroot: Ariearsad, CC BY 4.0, source
Kampot pepper: PsamatheM, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
Hawaij: Mx. Granger, CC0, source
Chammanthi podi: Ranjithsiji, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
Blue fenugreek: Flyout, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
Mitmita: Caffe Vita, CC BY 2.0, source